Australia is HUGE and only has a population of about 20million (tiny!) so you really are going to have to think outside the box with this one, there are similar maps, like the USA for example, but this is more like USA in the 1850s considering the population density.
So maybe keep that in mind, but obviously, the major cities are also modern and very dense, it will need unique solutions to make a good map from this, but will also make a very unique map! Good luck! :D
Edit: A huge amount of mining goes on in Australia, that could be a good way to add "value" to desert regions, there has been a huge boom in Australian mining since around the 2000s as well, so it has a modern significance too.
"Mining in Australia is a significant primary industry and contributor to the Australian economy."
"Adults employed in the mining industry as a percentage of the adult population in Australia divided geographically by statistical local area, as of the 2011 census"
Edited 2/2/2016 14:13:49