If anyone stumbles through here, a concise, thorough explanation can be found reading through here:
https://www.warlight.net/wiki/Combat_BasicsI always knew to use analyse attack, which is the easiest and simplest way to predict a scenario, but I've never liked just accepting something blindly, and I never really understood the mechanics of it until I'd read this and the additional pages linked therein. Now that I have, I can appreciate the elegance and underlying complexity or simplicity of it, depending on how you choose to look at it; I think wct was spot on earlier with the oxymoronic "neat complexity" :)