Yeah I noticed that thread but I more or less skipped it at the time, no idea why. I see now you posted there pretty early on. And among it lots of stuff I've never heard about which is always best. Buke and Gass sound cool! Maruosa I will definitely check out as well.
As far as drone/doom/whatever goes: Southern Lord! \m/ (damn that's already so many great bands off the list)
Sunn O))) is pretty neat too, very good background music xD (except for their collaboration with Nurse With Wound, that one is fantastic!).
I will focus mainly on stuff related to (modern) doom metal and it'll probably turn out to be a little heavy (heh-heh) on the sludge side of things, because sludge is the best doom. Drone/drone doom goes so far into (dark) ambient land that I really wouldn't know where to stop. I'll probably include some anyway.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcCNcL1M7H8 Amebix, UK; pioneers of crust, they're not particularly doomy but I just had to include them - they had a comeback recently, it's interesting but not as good as their original stuff
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpAeICnwDIo Count Raven, Sweden; IMHO the most modern sounding traditional doom metal band
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZXYsNMqsrU Dark Castle, American two-piece doom/sludge band
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q956Agjlh4c Ufomammut, Italy; heavy psych/sludge, very nice!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1sGbQJhoug Zoroaster, US; psychy sludge/doom
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hi5J1RuBUBg Dopethrone, US; stoner doom
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ne2ZNn08uqA Weedeater, US; stoner doom
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXE2WbmznUU Rwake, US; doom/sludge
http://lumbarsl.bandcamp.com/ Lumbar, US; doom metal, concept band. Will probably forever stay a one-album project, which is very sad IMHO. bandcamp link because this only works as a full album.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZsDqAzDqxs Nightslug, angry dirty German sludge/doom
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jA4qKL5tYTM Dystopia, US; even angrier because this is very sludgy crust
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4nV8WV-EDY Nails, US; ultra-heavy grindcore - if you like Seven Sisters of Sleep, these guys are for you
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2KBIs__91s Bongripper, US; instrumental doom/sludge/crazystuff band, these guys are fun, make sure to give 'Heroin' a listen (thank me later - or not^^)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JsmwMnTaonY ISIS, US; their later stuff goes more into post-rock territory (which I don't mind)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjEuhx5JFUU Neurosis, US; they just had to be on here somewhere
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZVoVL7uHO0 Kodiak, German drone doom/post-rock
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2w3w0LqRAsM Black Shape of Nexus, German sludge/drone doom
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxcCgLMO4n4 Jesu, US; drone/post-metal project by a former member of Godflesh
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSesTTX241M Troum; great German ambient drone
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGHolX-otIM; Lustmord, UK; dark ambient,
very droney at times - sadly I couldn't find a working track from 'Heresy'
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLqOJ4yUuws Nadja, Canadian drone metal/dark ambient
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fj4UitN3tb8 Burning Witch, US; you'll probably know these guys, predecessors of sunn O)))
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpKLg2VyGTo Graves At Sea, US; very slow, droney sludge/doom
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVr43mWUxzc Monarch!, French drone doom
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OpGl7saUSig Ahab, Germany; funeral doom, gut.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKajqoXTH7k Skepticism, funeral doom from Finland
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4K54Ml08gM4 Barathrum, Finland; doom-clad black metal
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LuE_cGrC64w Dolorian, Finland; less black, more doom and ambient
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VcX2c2FHanY Forgotten Tomb, Italian black/doom
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8B7B33QMs Tephra, Germany; sludge/post-hardcore
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpUxwcbw-YY Fall Of Efrafa, British concept band, heavy, catchy, crusty post-something, crazy good - watch out for cellos!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hR4_edvgfoU Vestiges, US; at times nearly indistinguishable from the above, all while being 100% cello-free (no warranties)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twUriwMj0do Dead To A Dying World, US; same same but different (cello warning)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1-dqkzDe8s Asphyx, Dutch death/doom, I'll admit the song title played a role in selecting this
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcdmYpF55l0 Planning for Burial, US; droney shoegaze
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F44xQcbvdds Have A Nice Life, US; droney shoegaze
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NuLWu0-EMJM Serotosis, UK; droney shoegaze
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L33XI7ZnNjQ Bohren & der Club of Gore, German doom-jazz/dark ambient
Some of the usual suspects I guess, but I hope the majority of these are new for you and/or other people who might be interested.
EDIT(s): fixed spelling and hopefully all messed up links, added some more bands, everything re-ordered and roughly grouped by similarity
Edited 3/5/2014 10:54:01